Ricks New Job Case Study - 2718 Words

TASK 1: Individually read the case study provided and identify the issues concerning the different learning styles and its implication on the overall training process. Learning styles refer to the characteristic strengths and preferences in the ways people take in and process information. Due to genetics and upbringing, individuals have different ways of perceiving and processing information. As educators, it is important to recognize these differences to accommodate all the learners. The first step in implementing learning style-based instruction is diagnosing the individual learning styles of each student. Some people are more visual, some auditory, while others kinesthetic or environmental. They all process information in a†¦show more content†¦How much better you are with your big initials behind your name? You are still an outsider here, buster, and do not forget it† basically demonstrates her fear of incompetence. High levels of anxiety that comes from fear, cause the person to withdraw from or actively resist the learning. Rosie is fifty years old and she never went to college, so her accounting methods are quite primitive (all paper and pencil). She worked for many years in PPP, knows a lot about her work, company and many other things, and she thought that by bringing computer into the office, Rick is trying to demonstrate that he knows more about how to do their job. Feeling that her competence is under attack, Rosie developed a defensive behavior. Her quick response was to show Rick that he is no one here. By showing where he stands, she was trying to degrad e him to feel more protected. And, later, the idea that Rick didn’t inform anyone about bringing computer into the office, and that he is going to discuss it later with Val, developed a fear of lost influence. Both, Rosie with her comment: â€Å"Good, talk to Val, but don’t think he calls all the shots here†, and Walter’s: â€Å"That’s not how it’s done here, son. Maybe you are spending too much time listening to what Val says. He isn’t really the one to talk to about these kinds of issues. Next time you just ask old Uncle Walter† tried to demonstrate that they have to be taken into account as well, when planning something. RickShow MoreRelatedCase from Chapter 3: Rick’s New Job1445 Words   |  6 PagesCase From Chapter 3: Rick’s New Job 1) Why do you think Rick was let go? How does reinforcement theory apply to this situation? Answer: After reading the case study there are certain reasons which demonstrated that Rick was not a let go. Ricks was a fresher and lacks experience. He joined the company because he knew that Mr. Peterson was into his work so far. He invested time in getting to know the plant and operations, meeting all employees and familiarizing himself with the problems inRead MoreAdam Aircraft1729 Words   |  7 Pagesand research by various means. His passion for flying was fueled by his father that served in the US Air Force. Pilots and computer engineers socially surrounded Rick, which gave him an insight to knowing what the customer needed. According to the case, Rick described himself as a raging incrementalist in which he preferred to innovate one-step at a time. That was the drive behind his semi-conservative approach to the market because he believed the chances of failure could have dangerous effectsRead MoreUnmarried With Children1824 Words   |  8 PagesIn the article entitled Unmarried with Children the authors present the findings of a study which they spent years interviewing 162 low-income mothers in eight poor neighborhoods in Philadelphia and its suburb, Camden, New Jersey. (Edin and Kefalas, 34). We spent five years chatting over kitchen tables and on front steps, giving mothers like Jen the opportunity to speak to the question so many affluent Americans ask about them: Why do they have children while still young and unmarried when theyRead MoreEnvironmental History Of The Oceans And Seas1692 Words   |  7 Pagespopulations had little to no effect on marine ecosystems because of the â€Å"ecological Indian† myth, scholars have begun to highlight aboriginal societies’ effects on marine ecosystems, creating the â€Å"shifting baseline syndrome.† In Jon Erlandson and Torben Rick’s Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems, a collaboration of scholars examine early aboriginal societies’ use of marine ecosystems beginning abo ut twenty-thousand years ago. Through a compilation of scholars, Human Impacts on Ancient Marine EcosystemsRead MoreConsolidated Life Case Study2925 Words   |  12 Pages(Northouse, 2009) In the present case (Consolidated Life), Rick Belkner (V.P), Jack Greenly (Senior V.P) and Mike Wilson (Supervisor) all exhibit different management style and approaches, which quite clearly differentiates them not only as a manager but also as individuals with different conditioning and thought process (Zastrow, 2008). The case study clearly establishes Rick as a hands-off leader, one who allows the members to make the decisions. As seen in the case study he doesn’t really bother anyone

The Glass Ceiling and the Wage Gap Essay - 1984 Words

Women face many obstacles as they climb their career’s hierarchy and for many different reasons their wage is comparably less than that of males. After the movements toward equality in the workplace, many think that sex discrimination isn’t present anymore. However, many still believe that the glass ceiling hasn’t shattered and still possesses a barrier for many women in the labor force. The glass ceiling and the wage gap exist for various reasons but, like many other women leaders, women can break the glass and abolish the gap. INTRODUCTION The glass ceiling is defined as the â€Å"unseen, yet unbreachable barrier that keeps†¦ women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦In the law field, women â€Å"attorneys earn 80.5 cents for every dollar earned by their male counterparts.† In the medical field, â€Å"female physicians and surgeons earn 64.4 cents on the dollar.† In retail, females earn â€Å"70.6 cents for every dollar earned by† male counterparts. Females in full-time managerial positions â€Å"earn 81 cents for every dollar earned by their male manager peers† and â€Å"female truck drivers earn†¦ 76.4 cents on the dollar.† The remaining money from the female-male wage gap â€Å"may attribute to discriminatory practices.† The differences in income exist but â€Å"women work close to two-thirds of the world’s work hours [and] earn only one-tenth of t he world’s income† (Graham 148). Equality â€Å"for both sexes is still somewhat elusive at home† (146). In the United States, â€Å"women make up more than 50 percent of the population† but there are only â€Å"20 women in the Senate [out of 100 Senators] and 79 women in the House of Representatives [out of 435 Representatives]† with no female President and only one â€Å"vice presidential candidate, Geraldine Ferraro, in 1984† (146-147). ThoughShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality in Workforce904 Words   |  4 Pagesand Sharp 2005). But still gender inequality has been ongoing debate in the workforce for many years (Lannin 2009). Many people argue that there are inequality in earnings and glass ceiling (ibid.). Therefore, this essay will analyze the gender inequality in the Australian workforce and it will also suggest solutions. Wage Discrimination There is no doubt that income inequality has increased in the last two decades (Hiau 2005). According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, Cat 6203.0) showedRead MoreWomen Workers In Society Have Been And Still Are Deemed1636 Words   |  7 Pagesmen or experience the ‘glass ceiling’ effect, women are forced into education or domestic responsibility and are seen to pursue in feminized or feminine sectors of the workforce (Cool, J, 2010). Thus saying, I argue this thinking is validated thorough the practices of gender inequality, most importantly thorough the existence of the gender wage gap. The gender wage gap is defined as â€Å"the gap between the median wages for men and women. The gap between men s and women’s wages exists in nearly everyRead MoreGender Gap Between The Workforce And Affects A Large Group Of Individuals942 Words   |  4 Pages Historically, discussions concerning wage gaps have been highly controversial. However, many agree that t he underlying issue exists within the workforce and affects a large group of individuals. Without weighing in factors such as visible minorities, race, ethnic background, and familial status, the wage gap exists among full-time workers where women are paid 79% of their counterpart. Therefore, this topic is important to employers and employees. Firstly, all employees deserve equal benefits forRead MoreThe Gender Differences Of The United States Work Force1721 Words   |  7 Pages21st century, yet it’s the ugly truth. A gender gap is created due to differences in authority, pay, and promotion. Research shows us that economic variations exist and, through past cases we see that even though it has been twenty-five years that Title VII has passed; segregation ceases to exist. Coined by Hymowitz and Schellhardt in the Wall Street Journal more than twenty years ago, the barriers women face in the workplace earned the term â€Å"glass ceiling,† continues to exist in U.S. la bor. It is importantRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1379 Words   |  6 Pageshormonal differences. There is a natural difference also in the relative physical strengths of the sexes. In the workplace Income disparities linked to job stratification Wage discrimination exists when workers are equally qualified and perform the same work but one group of workers is paid more than another. Historically, wage discrimination has favored men over similarly qualified women. Income disparity between genders stems from processes that determine the quality of jobs and earnings associatedRead MoreEssay on Gender Inequality in the Workplace1247 Words   |  5 Pagescountries where â€Å"machismo† is part of the culture. Women and men should be given the same kind of job without any discriminatory distinction, and the same average wage for the same comparable job; because even though it complies with the civil right of every individual male or female, it gives place to more development and shrinks even less the wage gap in society. Since the beginning of history, women have been known as the â€Å"weak gender†. This misconception had shaped the model for a system dominated byRead MoreGender Wage Gap in America1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gender Wage Gap in America The gender wage gap has been around since women began having jobs and careers. Though in the beginning the gender wage gap was purely do to discrimination by social stereotypes, now it has become more complicated than that. The issue today has evolved into a complex issue which combines our American culture with business economics. As a result, some are skeptical of the issue and some are very adamant in their beliefs. The issue encompasses not only gender stereo typesRead MoreWomen’s Income Inequality and The American Dream Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pageswhat is known as the â€Å"Glass Ceiling†. Women do not get promoted in the work place and aren’t getting equal pay as men. This also leads to wag gap between the men and women. Both create income inequality for women and affect their American Dream. There is a long history of women having to deal with the â€Å"Glass Ceiling†. Over time woman have made progress but more progress is needed to make thing s equal. Women suffer from income inequality because of the â€Å"Glass Ceiling† and wag gap, thus going againstRead MoreGender Inequality During World War II1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthe military. Women took over the civilian jobs but earned less than men for the same work. Unions were formed because of worrisome men who thought women in the labor field would replace them because of the lower earnings received by women or their wage would be lowered (â€Å"Equal Pay Act of 1963†, 2015). Therefore, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 was signed by President John F. Kennedy on June 10, 1963, to keep the business community at peace. In regards to the Equal Pay Act, The U.S. Equal Employment OpportunityRead MoreThe Glass Ceiling And Gender Gap Between Men And Women771 Words   |  4 Pagesare able to outperform their competitors on every measure of profitability and growth (Hoobler et al. 2016; Cook Glass, 2014). However, the overall scenario is not encouraging, and the women are still widely struggling to represent themselves in corporate leadership. Less than 5% of the 1,000 major U.S. organizations have female CEOs (Forbes.com, 2016). Moreover, the glass ceiling (a barrier that restricts women from moving up in the corporate hierarchy to the management and executive roles) and

The Role of Fdi in India Free Essays

string(60) " be able to sell multiple products under the same brand, e\." FDI Policy in India FDI as defined in Dictionary of Economics (Graham Bannock et. al) is investment in a foreign country through the acquisition of a local company or the establishment there of an operation on a new (Greenfield) site. To put in simple words, FDI refers to capital inflows from abroad that is invested in or to enhance the production capacity of the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Fdi in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now [3] Foreign Investment in India is governed by the FDI policy announced by the Government of India and the provision of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) 1999. The Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard had issued a notification,[4] which contains the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or issue of security by a person resident outside India) Regulations, 2000. This notification has been amended from time to time. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India is the nodal agency for motoring and reviewing the FDI policy on continued basis and changes in sectoral policy/ sectoral equity cap. The FDI policy is notified through Press Notes by the Secretariat for Industrial Assistance (SIA), Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). The foreign investors are free to invest in India, except few sectors/activities, where prior approval from the RBI or Foreign Investment Promotion Board (‘FIPB’) would be required. FDI Policy with Regard to Retailing in India It will be prudent to look into Press Note 4 of 2006 issued by DIPP and consolidated FDI Policy issued in October 2010[5] which provide the sector specific guidelines for FDI with regard to the conduct of trading activities. a) FDI up to 100% for cash and carry wholesale trading and export trading allowed under the automatic route. ) FDI up to 51 % with prior Government approval (i. e. FIPB) for retail trade of ‘Single Brand’ products, subject to Press Note 3 (2006 Series)[6]. c) FDI is not permitted in Multi Brand Retailing in India. Entry Options For Foreign Players prior to FDI Policy Although prior to Jan 24, 2006, FDI was not authorised in retailing, most general players had been operating in the country. Some of entrance routes u sed by them have been discussed in sum as below:- 1. Franchise Agreements It is an easiest track to come in the Indian market. In franchising and commission agents’ services, FDI (unless otherwise prohibited) is allowed with the approval of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under the Foreign Exchange Management Act. This is a most usual mode for entrance of quick food bondage opposite a world. Apart from quick food bondage identical to Pizza Hut, players such as Lacoste, Mango, Nike as good as Marks as good as Spencer, have entered Indian marketplace by this route. 2. Cash And Carry Wholesale Trading 00% FDI is allowed in wholesale trading which involves building of a large distribution infrastructure to assist local manufacturers. [7] The wholesaler deals only with smaller retailers and not Consumers. Metro AG of Germany was the first significant global player to enter India through this route. 3. Strategic Licensing Agreements Some foreign brands give exclusive licences and distribution rights to Indian companies. Through these rights, Indian compan ies can either sell it through their own stores, or enter into shop-in-shop arrangements or distribute the brands to franchisees. Mango, the Spanish apparel brand has entered India through this route with an agreement with Piramyd, Mumbai, SPAR entered into a similar agreement with Radhakrishna Foodlands Pvt. Ltd 4. Manufacturing and Wholly Owned Subsidiaries. The foreign brands such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, etc. that have wholly-owned subsidiaries in manufacturing are treated as Indian companies and are, therefore, allowed to do retail. These companies have been authorised to sell products to Indian consumers by franchising, internal distributors, existent Indian retailers, own outlets, etc. For instance, Nike entered through an exclusive licensing agreement with Sierra Enterprises but now has a wholly owned subsidiary, Nike India Private Limited. FDI in Single Brand Retail The Government has not categorically defined the meaning of â€Å"Single Brand† anywhere neither in any of its circulars nor any notifications. In single-brand retail, FDI up to 51 per cent is allowed, subject to Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) approval and subject to the conditions mentioned in Press Note 3[8] that (a) only single brand products would be sold (i. . , retail of goods of multi-brand even if produced by the same manufacturer would not be allowed), (b) products should be sold under the same brand internationally, (c) single-brand product retail would only cover products which are branded during manufacturing and (d) any addition to product categories to be sold under â€Å"single-brand† would require fresh approval from the government. While the phrase ‘sing le brand’ has not been defined, it implies that foreign companies would be allowed to sell goods sold internationally under a ‘single brand’, viz. Reebok, Nokia, Adidas. Retailing of goods of multiple brands, even if such products were produced by the same manufacturer, would not be allowed. Going a step further, we examine the concept of ‘single brand’ and the associated conditions: FDI in ‘Single brand’ retail implies that a retail store with foreign investment can only sell one brand. For example, if Adidas were to obtain permission to retail its flagship brand in India, those retail outlets could only sell products under the Adidas brand and not the Reebok brand, for which separate permission is required. If granted permission, Adidas could sell products under the Reebok brand in separate outlets. what is a ‘brand’? Brands could be classified as products and multiple products, or could be manufacturer brands and own-label brands. Assume that a company owns two leading international brands in the footwear industry – say ‘A’ and ‘R’. If the corporate were to obtain permission to retail its brand in India with a local partner, it would need to specify which of the brands it would sell. A reading of the government release indicates that A and R would need separate approvals, separate legal entities, and may be even separate stores in which to operate in India. However, it should be noted that the retailers would be able to sell multiple products under the same brand, e. You read "The Role of Fdi in India" in category "Essay examples" g. , a product range under brand ‘A’ Further, it appears that the same joint venture partners could operate various brands, but under separate legal entities Now, taking an example of a large departmental grocery chain, prima facie it appears that it would not be able to enter India. These chains would, typically, source products and, thereafter, brand it under their private labels. Since the regulations require the products to be branded at the manufacturing stage, this model may not work. The regulations appear to discourage own-label products and appear to be tilted heavily towards the foreign manufacturer brands There is ambiguity in the interpretation of the term ‘single brand’. The existing policy does not clearly codify whether retailing of goods with sub-brands bunched under a major parent brand can be considered as single-brand retailing and, accordingly, eligible for 51 per cent FDI. Additionally, the question on whether co-branded goods (specifically branded as such at the time of manufacturing) would qualify as single brand retail trading remains unanswered. FDI in Multi Brand Retail The government has also not defined the term Multi Brand. FDI in Multi Brand retail implies that a retail store with a foreign investment can sell multiple brands under one roof. In July 2010, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Ministry of Commerce circulated a discussion paper[11] on allowing FDI in multi-brand retail. The paper doesn’t suggest any upper limit on FDI in multi-brand retail. If implemented, it would open the doors for global retail giants to enter and establish their footprints on the retail landscape of India. Opening up FDI in multi-brand retail will mean that global retailers including Wal-Mart, Carrefour and Tesco can open stores offering a range of household items and grocery directly to consumers in the same way as the ubiquitous ’kirana’ store. Foreign Investor’s Concern Regarding FDI Policy in India For those brands which adopt the franchising route as a matter of policy, the current FDI Policy will not make any difference. They would have preferred that the Government liberalize rules for maximizing their royalty and franchise fees. They must still rely on innovative structuring of franchise arrangements to maximize their returns. Consumer durable majors such as LG and Samsung, which have exclusive franchisee owned stores, are unlikely to shift from the preferred route right away. For those companies which choose to adopt the route of 51% partnership, they must tie up with a local partner. The key is finding a partner which is reliable and who can also teach a trick or two about the domestic market and the Indian consumer. Currently, the organized retail sector is dominated by the likes of large business groups which decided to diversify into retail to cash in on the boom in the sector – corporates such as Tata through its brand Westside, RPG Group through Foodworld, Pantaloon of the Raheja Group and Shopper’s Stop. Do foreign investors look to tie up with an existing retailer or look to others not necessarily in the business but looking to diversify, as many business groups are doing? An arrangement in the short to medium term may work wonders but what happens if the Government decides to further liberalize the regulations as it is currently contemplating? Will the foreign investor terminate the agreement with Indian partner and trade in market without him? Either way, the foreign investor must negotiate its joint venture agreements carefully, with an option for a buy-out of the Indian partner’s share if and when regulations so permit. They must also be aware of the regulation which states that once a foreign company enters into a technical or financial collaboration with an Indian partner, it cannot enter into another joint venture with another Indian company or set up its own subsidiary in the ‘same’ field’ without the first partner’s consent if the joint venture agreement does not provide for a ‘conflict of interest’ clause. In effect, it means that foreign brand owners must be extremely careful whom they choose as partners and the brand they introduce in India. The first brand could also be their last if they do not negotiate the strategic arrangement diligently. Concerns for the Government for only Partially Allowing FDI in Retail Sector A number of concerns were expressed with regard to partial opening of the retail sector for FDI. The Hon’ble Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Commerce, in its 90th Report, on ‘Foreign and Domestic Investment in Retail Sector’, laid in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha on 8 June, 2009, had made an in-depth study on the subject and identified a number of issues related to FDI in the retail sector. These included: It would lead to unfair competition and ultimately result in large-scale exit of domestic retailers, especially the small family managed outlets, leading to large scale displacement of persons employed in the retail sector. Further, as the manufacturing sector has not been growing fast enough, the persons displaced from the retail sector would not be absorbed there. Another concern is that the Indian retail sector, particularly organized retail, is still under-developed and in a nascent stage and that, therefore, it is important that the domestic retail sector is allowed to grow and consolidate first, before opening this sector to foreign investors. Antagonists of FDI in retail sector oppose the same on various grounds, like, hat the entry of large global retailers such as Wal-Mart would kill local shops and millions of jobs, since the unorganized retail sector employs an enormous percentage of Indian population after the agriculture sector; secondly that the global retailers would conspire and exercise monopolistic power to raise prices and monopolistic (big buying) power to reduce the prices received by the suppliers; thirdly, it would lead to asymmetrical growth in cities, causing discontent and soci al tension elsewhere. Hence, both the consumers and the suppliers would lose, while the profit margins of such retail chains would go up. LIMITATIONS OF   THE PRESENT SETUP Infrastructure There has been a lack of investment in the logistics of the retail chain, leading to an inefficient market mechanism. Though India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables (about 180 million MT), it has a very limited integrated cold-chain infrastructure, with only 5386 stand-alone cold storages, having a total capacity of 23. 6 million MT. , 80% of this is used only for potatoes. The chain is highly fragmented and hence, perishable horticultural commodities find it difficult to link to distant markets, including overseas markets, round the year. Storage infrastructure is necessary for carrying over the agricultural produce from production periods to the rest of the year and to prevent distress sales. Lack of adequate storage facilities cause heavy losses to farmers in terms of wastage in quality and quantity of produce in general. Though FDI is permitted in cold-chain to the extent of 100%, through the automatic route, in the absence of FDI in retailing; FDI flow to the sector has not been significant. Intermediaries dominate the value chain Intermediaries often flout mandi norms and their pricing lacks transparency. Wholesale regulated markets, governed by State APMC Acts, have developed a monopolistic and non-transparent character. According to some reports, Indian farmers realize only 1/3rd of the total price paid by the final consumer, as against 2/3rd by farmers in nations with a higher share of organized retail. Improper Public Distribution System (â€Å"PDS†) There is a big question mark on the efficacy of the public procurement and PDS set-up and the bill on food subsidies is rising. In spite of such heavy subsidies, overall food based inflation has been a matter of great concern. The absence of a ‘farm-to-fork’ retail supply system has led to the ultimate customers paying a premium for shortages and a charge for wastages. No Global Reach The Micro Small Medium Enterprises (â€Å"MSME†) sector has also suffered due to lack of branding and lack of avenues to reach out to the vast world markets. While India has continued to provide emphasis on the development of MSME sector, the share of unorganised sector in overall manufacturing has declined from 34. % in 1999-2000 to 30. 3% in 2007-08[12]. This has largely been due to the inability of this sector to access latest technology and improve its marketing interface. Rationale behind Allowing FDI in Retail Sector FDI can be a powerful catalyst to spur competition in the retail industry, due to the current scenario of low competition and poor productivity. The policy of single-brand retail was adopt ed to allow Indian consumers access to foreign brands. Since Indians spend a lot of money shopping abroad, this policy enables them to spend the same money on the same goods in India. FDI in single-brand retailing was permitted in 2006, up to 51 per cent of ownership. Between then and May 2010, a total of 94 proposals have been received. Of these, 57 proposals have been approved. An FDI inflow of US$196. 46 million under the category of single brand retailing was received between April 2006 and September 2010, comprising 0. 16 per cent of the total FDI inflows during the period. Retail stocks rose by as much as 5%. Shares of Pantaloon Retail (India) Ltd ended 4. 84% up at Rs 441 on the Bombay Stock Exchange. Shares of Shopper’s Stop Ltd rose 2. 02% and Trent Ltd, 3. 19%. The exchange’s key index rose 173. 04 points, or 0. 99%, to 17,614. 48. But this is very less as compared to what it would have been had FDI upto 100% been allowed in India for single brand. The policy of allowing 100% FDI in single brand retail can benefit both the foreign retailer and the Indian partner – foreign players get local market knowledge, while Indian companies can access global best management practices, designs and technological knowhow. By partially opening this sector, the government was able to reduce the pressure from its trading partners in bilateral/ multilateral negotiations and could demonstrate India’s intentions in liberalising this sector in a phased manner. Permitting foreign investment in food-based retailing is likely to ensure adequate flow of capital into the country its productive use, in a manner likely to promote the welfare of all sections of society, particularly farmers and consumers. It would also help bring about improvements in farmer income agricultural growth and assist in lowering consumer prices inflation. Apart from this, by allowing FDI in retail trade, India will significantly flourish in terms of quality standards and consumer expectations, since the inflow of FDI in retail sector is bound to pull up the quality standards and cost-competitiveness of Indian producers in all the segments. It is therefore obvious that we should not only permit but encourage FDI in retail trade. Lastly, it is to be noted that the Indian Council of Research in International Economic Relations (ICRIER), a premier economic think tank of the country, which was appointed to look into the impact of BIG capital in the retail sector, has projected the worth of Indian retail sector to reach $496 billion by 2011-12 and ICRIER has also come to conclusion that investment of ‘big’ money (large corporates and FDI) in the retail sector would in the long run not harm interests of small, traditional, retailers. In light of the above, it can be safely concluded that allowing healthy FDI in the retail sector would not only lead to a substantial surge in the country’s GDP and overall economic development, but would inter alia also help in integrating the Indian retail market with that of the global retail market in addition to providing not just employment but a better paying employment, which the unorganized sector (kirana and other small time retailing shops) have undoubtedly failed to provide to the masses employed in them. Industrial organisations such as CII, FICCI, US-India Business Council (USIBC), the American Chamber of Commerce in India, The Retail Association of India (RAI) and Shopping Centers Association of India (a 44 member association of Indian multi-brand retailers and shopping malls) favour a phased approach toward liberalising FDI in multi-brand retailing, and most of them agree with considering a cap of 49-51 per cent to start with. The international retail players such as Walmart, Carrefour, Metro, IKEA, and TESCO share the same view and insist on a clear path towards 100 per cent opening up in near future. Large multinational retailers such as US-based Walmart, Germany’s Metro AG and Woolworths Ltd, the largest Australian retailer that operates in wholesale cash-and-carry ventures in India, have been demanding liberalisation of FDI rules on multi-brand retail for some time. Thus, as a matter of fact FDI in the buzzing Indian retail sector should not just be freely allowed but per contra should be significantly encouraged. Allowing FDI in multi brand retail can bring about Supply Chain Improvement, Investment in Technology, Manpower and Skill development,Tourism Development, Greater Sourcing From India, Upgradation in Agriculture, Efficient Small and Medium Scale Industries, Growth in market size and Benefits to government through greater GDP, tax income and employment generation. Prerequisites before allowing FDI in Multi Brand Retail and Lifting Cap of Single Brand Retail FDI in multi-brand retailing must be dealt cautiously as it has direct impact on a large chunk of population. Left alone foreign capital will seek ways through which it can only multiply itself, and unthinking application of capital for profit, given our peculiar socio-economic conditions, may spell doom and deepen the gap between the rich and the poor. Thus the proliferation of foreign capital into multi-brand retailing needs to be anchored in such a way that it results in a win-win situation for India. This can be done by integrating into the rules and regulations for FDI in multi-brand retailing certain inbuilt safety valves. For example FDI in multi –brand retailing can be allowed in a calibrated manner with social safeguards so that the effect of possible labour dislocation can be analyzed and policy fine tuned accordingly. To ensure that the foreign investors make a genuine contribution to the development of infrastructure and logistics, it can be stipulated that a percentage of FDI should be spent towards building up of back end infrastructure, logistics or agro processing units. Reconstituting the poverty stricken and stagnating rural sphere into a forward moving and prosperous rural sphere can be one of the justifications for introducing FDI in multi-brand retailing. To actualize this goal it can be stipulated that at least 50% of the jobs in the retail outlet should be reserved for rural youth and that a certain amount of farm produce be procured from the poor farmers. Similarly to develop our small and medium enterprise (SME), it can also be stipulated that a minimum percentage of manufactured products be sourced from the SME sector in India. PDS is still in many ways the life line of the people living below the poverty line. To ensure that the system is not weakened the government may reserve the right to procure a certain amount of food grains for replenishing the buffer. To protect the interest of small retailers the government may also put in place an exclusive regulatory framework. It will ensure that the retailing giants do resort to predatory pricing or acquire monopolistic tendencies. Besides, the government and RBI need to evolve suitable policies to enable the retailers in the unorganized sector to expand and improve their efficiencies. If Government is allowing FDI, it must do it in a calibrated fashion because it is politically sensitive and link it (with) up some caveat from creating some back-end infrastructure. Further, To take care of the concerns of the Government before allowing 100% FDI in Single Brand Retail and Multi- Brand Retail, the following recommendations are being proposed :- Preparation of a legal and regulatory framework and enforcement mechanism to ensure that large retailers are not able to dislocate small retailers by unfair means. Extension of institutional credit, at lower rates, by public sector banks, to help improve efficiencies of small retailers; undertaking of proactive programme for assisting small retailers to upgrade themselves. Enactment of a National Shopping Mall Regulation Act to regulate the fiscal and social aspects of the entire retail sector. Formulation of a Model Central Law regarding FDI of Retail Sector Important highlights of Economic Outlook 2011-12 Agriculture grew at 6. 6% in 2010-11. This year’s monsoon is projected to be in the range of 90 to 96 per cent, based on which Agriculture sector is pegged to grow at 3. % in 2011-12! Industry grew at 7. 9% in 2010-11. Projected to grow at 7. 1% in 2011-12 Services grew at 9. 4% in 2009-10. Projected to grow at 10. 0% in 2011-12 Investment rate projected at 36. 4% in 2010-11 and 36. 7% in 2011-12 Domestic savings rate as ratio of GDP projected at 33. 8% in 2010-11 34. 0% in 2011-12 Current Account deficit is $44. 3 billion (2. 6% of GDP) in 2010-11 and projected at $54. 0 billion (2. 7% of GDP) in 2011-12 Merchandise trade deficit is $ 130. 5 billion or 7. 59% of the GDP in 2010-11 and projected at $154. 0 billion or 7. % of GDP in 2011-12 Invisibles trade surplus is $ 86. 2 billion or 5. 0% of the GDP in 2010-11 and projected at $100. 0 billion or 5. 0% in 2011-12 Capital flows at $61. 9 billion in 2010-11 and projected at $72. 0 billion in 2011-12 FDI inflows projected at $35 billion in 2011/12 against the level of $23. 4 billion in 2010-11 FII inflows projected to be $14 billion which is less than half that of the last year i. e $30. 3 billion Accretion to reserves was $15. 2 billion in 2010-11. Projected at $18. 0 billion in 2011-12 Inflation rate would continue to be at 9 per cent in the month of July-October 2011. There will be some relief starting from November and will decline to 6. 5% in March 2012. Foreign direct investment; net (BoP; US dollar) in India The Foreign direct investment; net (BoP; US dollar) in India was last reported at 11008159606. 75 in 2010, according to a World Bank report released in 2011. The Foreign direct investment; net (BoP; US dollar) in India was 19668790288. 40 in 2009, according to a World Bank report, published in 2010. The Foreign direct investment; net (BoP; US dollar) in India was reported at 24149749829. 71 in 2008, according to the World Bank. Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U. S. dollars. This page includes a historical data chart, news and forecast for Foreign direct investment; net (BoP; US dollar) in India. India’s diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for more than half of India’s output with less than one third of its labour force. The economy has posted an average growth rate of more than 7% in the decade since 1997, reducing poverty by about 10 percentage points. Total 933. 2 100 2705. 0 100 231530. 1 100 How to cite The Role of Fdi in India, Essay examples

Elements of Depreciation Computation free essay sample

Depreciation accounting may be defined as a systematic procedure for allocating the cost of a long-lived asset over its useful life. The determination of the depreciation expense of a period depends on three basic elements. These are: †¢Depreciation Base. The cost to be allocated over the period of use is known as the depreciation base. We will write a custom essay sample on Elements of Depreciation Computation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This consists of the initial purchase cost of the asset minus any salvage value expected at the time of retirement plus the anticipated costs of removing the asset when it is retired. The cost of using an asset during its life is reduced by any salvage value recoverable at the end of the period and is increased by costs of removal. These elements of the depreciation base are often extremely difficult to measure. When it is anticipated that a substantial residual value will be recovered, an estimate of this value should be included in the determination of the depreciation base. †¢Useful Life. The useful life of a fixed asset is a function not only of the physical wear and exhaustion to which the asset is subjected, but also of technological change and innovation. Thus, a particular machine might be expected to last for ten years on the basis of physical endurance alone, but the development of new and better machines might reduce our expectation of its economic usefulness to four years. Both obsolescence and physical endurance must be considered in estimating useful life. In general, the useful life to be used for depreciation purposes will be the shorter of the lives estimated on the two bases. An asset that is physically exhausted can be expected to be replaced, even though it is not yet obsolete. On the other hand, an asset that is obsolete should also be replaced even though it is not physically worn out. †¢Procedures for Computing Depreciation. The objective of depreciation accounting is to assign to expense systematically the cost of a long-lived asset over the asset’s useful life. There are, however, many procedures for accomplishing this task. Although there is numerous depreciation procedures used in practice, our discussion will be limited to procedures that are most widely used. †¢Straight-Line Depreciation. When using the straight-line procedure for computing depreciation, the annual depreciation charge is obtained by dividing the depreciation base by the number of years of useful life forecasted. The main advantages of the straight-line procedure are its simplicity and the fact that revenues of successive years are charged with equal amounts of depreciation. The main disadvantage is that, given the assumptions of constant revenue and constant maintenance costs, the return on investment of the asset (income divided by the investment) will increase as the asset becomes older and the net book value decreases. The basic simplicity of the straight-line procedure has caused it to be the most widely used depreciation procedure for accounting purposes. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/statistics-homework-helpÐ µ

Kosher Chinese Living, Teaching, and Eating with Chinas Other Billion

1. Kosher Chinese is a memoir of an American who worked for the Peace Corps in China, teaching English at a local university.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kosher Chinese: Living, Teaching, and Eating with China’s Other Billion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During his two-year stay in the country, in which he taught English speaking to his beginner class and Postmodern Literature to older students at the at the Guiyang University in the heart of China’s mainland, Levy has such an amazing and adventurous experience that he decides to put it in a book. In writing the book, Levy aims to narrate his experiences while working in China, especially how he struggles to create a balance between respect for another culture, which is in no way lesser to his own, and the wish to share his own experiences and outlook of his American culture. He recalls how he fails many times to strike the right balance and frequently talks about a cynical Australian he met who told him, â€Å"†¦ and they’ll [the Chinese] take what they need from you even if you don’t want to give it† (Levy, pp. 122). He encounters aspects of the Chinese culture that are sometimes hilarious, such as eating a millipede dinner , and in other times outrageous, like witnessing the horrendous case of animal abuse at one of the markets in Guiyang. Overall, Kosher concentrates on the cultural differences between Americans and Chinese and how he overcomes some of them, albeit with some challenges. 2. What role(s) does food play in the adventures and experiences of the author in China? Give at least three examples using quotes and page numbers. Food plays a very important role in Levy’s experiences in China, particularly his experiences with eating unfamiliar foods, such as millipedes, chicken feet, and dogs. These experiences point to his further struggles with adopting to the new culture and add a twist of humour to the book. At the beginning of the book, he describes how he refused to eat fried millipedes.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This first uncomfortable experience introduces the audience to Levy’s forthcoming adjust to adapt to the Chinese way of life. He writes that he did not want to eat millipedes as he was Jewish, and this form of meal was not â€Å"kosher†! Although he declares that he is a practicing but cynical Jew, he tells his Chinese friends that â€Å"I am a person who is special, too† and is not able to eat the millipedes in front of him (Levy, pp. 2). This comical introduction is a prelude to what follows in Kosher Chinese. In another instance, as he travels from Beijing to Chengdu, a grey-haired lady seated next to him offers him one of the chicken feet she was eating. He declines the offer, to which the lady belches po litely, and later â€Å"smiled and spit out a chicken talon† (Levy, pp. 7) He writes that that is not the kind of food one sees in SEPTA, a reference to American buses and trains. Apart from adding humour to his experience, this encounter shows how Levy walks a fine line between adjusting to the new culture and not showing his intolerance to some aspects of this culture. Yet, he strives to show some willingness to embrace the altogether new Chinese culture. The role of food in Levy’s experience in China is again seen when he observes the Chinese eating of dogs. In the chapter titled Parmesan Cheese, he describes how Guiyang markets slaughter dogs as the customer waits, then they are hung to display for ready customers. As a show of his disapproval with this act and goes on to write of the smells, sights, and feel of open markets in Guiyang, he writes, â€Å"The market smelled bad. Real bad. The tarp was trapping more than noise: it was also capturing the fragrance of sweating, unwashed people, slowly rotting food, and death† (Levy, pp.89). He writes that Walmart in China retails dog meat in its shelves, a fact few outside China ever knew. This experience shows the deep rift that exists between some aspects of American and Chinese cultures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kosher Chinese: Living, Teaching, and Eating with China’s Other Billion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In American culture, dogs are loved by many people, are treated as pets and indeed ‘friends’ to their keeper. To read that ‘man’s best friend’ is slaughtered mercilessly is simply appalling. Animal loving Americans will certainly find it difficult to adapt to such a culture. When Levy is asked to help in the creation of the Jewish Friday Night English and Cooking Corner Club, he uses the occasion to merge the three cultures at play: the Chinese, American, and Jewish cultures. He does this by preparing foods associated with these cultures, including pizza and challah, and hence improves the natives’ knowledge of American and Jewish cultures, and his own knowledge of Chinese culture. Therefore, food plays a major role in bridging the gap between the various cultures. 3. In what way(s) does food and globalization figure into the story of the book? In other words, how does the author see globalization shaping food practices and habits in China and vice versa?  Give at least two examples using quotes and page numbers. Despite being a globalized society, Kosher Chinese describes a Chinese culture that is conservative in terms of its food practices. For instance, although it accepts new aspects of foreign culture, evidenced by the presence of Walmart Stores, it attempts to modify these aspects to fit into its culture, evidenced by the presence of dog meat in Walmart Stores, an occurrence that does not exist outside of China. However, t he role of globalization in shaping food practices in China cannot be ignored since the presence of Pizza Hut, KFC, Starbucks, Ikea and Walmart stores in Guiyang must have altered eating habits among this population, and extending to the rest of the Chinese population.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Seeing these multinational American companies in China makes the author to realize that this was certainly not the China of Mao. Indeed, the author wonders aloud why Americans had never heard of the place. Levy sees food practices as one of the avenues that can open China to the rest of the world and boost globalization. Levy also sees food practices and habits as a way of promoting globalization, and to show this, he leads and helps create a Jewish Friday Night and Cooking Corner Club, during which they make foods such as challah, pizza, and le’chaim’s, foods that area meant to introduce the Jewish and American cultures to the Chinese, hence promote globalization. The attendees also practice English while Levy learn about China’s other billion, a further testament of the mission to promote globalization. 4. Narrate the author’s experiences about the practice of eating dog in China. Did you believe that this was a completely inhumane practice? Did he hold ethnocentric views? Why/Why not. Give two examples as evidence for your argument using quotes and page numbers. In the chapter titled Parmesan Cheese, Levy gives an account of the process through which dogs are prepared for human consumption. He writes about the smells, sights and the feel of Guiyang open markets where these dogs are slaughtered. First, the dogs are slaughtered as prospective customers wait in queue. The slaughtered dogs are hung to display for potential customers. The market itself is in a very poor conditions and as a mark of his displeasure at what he saw, Levy writes, â€Å"The market smelled bad. Real bad† (Levy, pp. 89). This sums up the conditions in the market and extends to the inhumane treatment of the dogs. For animals regarded as pets in most areas of the world, and known as man’s best friend since their domestication, Levy’s description of the way dogs were treated before and after slaughtering can only be considered as inhumane. T he author’s views cannot be viewed as ethnocentric as they arise from universally held views regarding humane treatment of animals, even if they are to be used as food. A second instance that shows that dogs were treated in an inhumane manner stems from Levy’s accounts of the way the dogs were slaughtered. His description that, â€Å"I was surprised to see the body of a skinned dog dangling from a metal hook pushed through its mouth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Levy, pp. 89) further points to this inhumane treatment. In most loactions around the world, animals are normally slaughtered first, usually at a common point (abattoir), and then distributed to selling areas. However, at Guiyang, this does not occur as dogs are slaughtered even as the market goers watch, a very inhumane treatment indeed. Work Cited Levy, Michael. Kosher Chinese: Living, Teaching, and Eating with China’s Other Billion.  New York: Henry Holt, 2011. Print. This essay on Kosher Chinese: Living, Teaching, and Eating with China’s Other Billion was written and submitted by user Nevaeh Bass to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hydroponics2 essays

Hydroponics2 essays Imagine being able to grow plants and/or crops everyday of the year in smaller spaces without the use of any soil. Hydroponics is a soiless agriculture that does just this. The idea for the use of plant growth without any soil was developed in the eighteen hundreds. Hydroponic gardening is an old idea yet new methods have been formed to give you three hydroponic gardening options. These three options are defined by uses of different mediums. Fifteen to twenty minutes of care per day can produce beautiful plants and enough food to feed one family a day. Hydroponic environments are indoors so weather changes do not effect them. All mediums use certain solutions which vary with different types of mediums. Hydroponic environments are easy to build and easy to take care of and the advantages are great. This form of agriculture is one of man's simple yet helpful ideas that can better the earth and it's people. Hydroponics is a soiless agriculture that was originally used for growing plants in the winter. Hydroponic agriculture is also known as soiless agriculture, nutriculture, or chemical culture. Hydroponic plants can be gardened in several different ways. Hydroponics uses different nutrient solutions to ensure better plant life. Plants need nutrients and moisture to survive and soil provides this. When hydroponic gardening is used these necessities increase and the plant lives a fuller and more beautiful life. As it was already mentioned, the advantages of hydroponic gardening are great. It was also already mentioned that hydroponic gardening reduces the amount of space used and can be grown all year long. But this is only the beginning of the advantages of hydroponic gardening. People who have hydroponic gardens don't have to put up with soil-borne pests and diseases and they don't have to pull any weeds. Food crops grow and mature at a much faster rate in non-soi...

ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS - Essay Example The business and economic strategy based on chaebols took an export and outward-oriented model to boost the country’s economy through business associations. Today, the chaebols have become global powerhouses that have made the economy of South Korea become one of the greatest in the world. Chaebols are multinational conglomerates that are controlled by certain families in South Korea. The chaebols have received immense government support in South Korea resulting in fast economic growth and an increase in the country’s GDP of about 10 percent between the years 1962-1994 (Powers, 2010). The Korean chaebols have resulted in enormous economic growth of South Korea from early 1960s to early 2000. The economic growth in South Korea was due to the effects from industrial and other services sector. The industrial sector increased its contribution to the country’s economy from 20 to 37 percent while the services sector increased from 43 to 60 percent from 1965 to 2008. To boost economic growth, the South Korean government fully supported the chaebols. The government nationalized all commercial banks so that the banks could channel all their finances to the chaebols. The chaebols had a great share of the total credit produced by financial institutions. As a result, the chaebols had to fulfill most of their export obligations thus, increasing economic growth in South Korea. The government also developed an export strategy to promote export of goods and at the same time substitute imports that favored the conglomerates. The government also restricted direct foreign investments and used this as a chance to get new technologies and business expertise. As a step to support fast economic growth, the government allowed the chaebols to access foreign loans. In contrast, the government curbed any outflows in domestic capital. Government support of the chaebols was of a great magnitude to the extent that the chaebols expanded unprecedentedly in size. The cha ebols had

Typology, Diagram and Transformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Typology, Diagram and Transformation - Essay Example Without discussing typography, the basic element of architecture, and the basis, in his opinion, of all building, then the exclusion of this topic causes all other discussions to be impossible or implausible. But typology is a fairly new notion and has not been introduced into past discussions of architecture. It has existed as an ill-defined concept, but not as the essential building block of architectural theory. The transformation of port cities in Europe began as soon as they were erected but increased in recent decades as factors such as population increases/decreases, economic events, security events and others have played a role. The transformations of London's port and Rotterdam's port, and the big differences between both, will be discussed. Also a consideration in those transformations is the diagram, the blueprint, the architect and his imprint upon that city. City councils and planning committees can propose many changes to a city, but without the ingenuity and vision of the architect, only the same type of building will be developed that they were all familiar with, often bringing the same problems, such as its dimension, usefulness or cost. Sometimes the diagram of the building will become a microcosm for a diagram of the city itself. A definition: a study of types of elements that cannot be further reduced (Rossi), which include the elements of a building or the elements of a city, depending on the scope of the discussion; a constant; a necessity for describing form and function. Quatremere de Quincy defined the typological category between 1825 and 1832 in the Encyclopdie mthodique and the Dictionnaire historique. In the historical dictionary, type provides a regulative principle governing the formal and practical aspects of architecture, to wit: "The word type represents not so much the image of a thing to be copied as the idea of an element that must itself serve as a rule for the model. The model, understood in terms of the practical execution of art, is an object that must be repeated such as it is; type, on the contrary, is an object according to which one can conceive of works that do not resemble one another at all. Everything is precise and given in the model; everything is more or less vague in the type." Typology is, for Quatremere, "the antithesis of the repeatable object." The demands of a typological "norm" regulate architecture to achieve concrete forms and specific buildings with design decisions that articulate the model. It was Aldo Rossi who helped make topological theory a reality in his published essays, "The Architecture of a City", written in 1966 (D. Sherer 1966). Rossi incorporated all his thoughts about typology into his designs. But it was in the Baroque age that Borromini brought typology to play when he constructed the Palazzo Carpegna (ca. 1640) and harmonized the geometry of the form with the demands of the site. He also organized the "axiality of his palace around an ellipse which suddenly erupts within its central core" (D. Sherer 1966).

Risk management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Risk management - Case Study Example The second part involves the liability insurance on liability related risks. It must be noted that liability insurance is meant to offer protection to a third party should there be any claim. The family can insure their dogs. That can certainly be under pet insurance from Progressive Insurance. That is because one of their dogs has been reported to be engaged in biting people. That can lead to a huge loss if the family is not careful. For that reason, taking an insurance cover for the two dogs is important in case of any accidents especially because they have allowed students of Perdue school to be passing by their fence. That even makes it more dangerous. On the other hand, the family may decide to enclose their yard and garden by fencing and prohibiting students from passing over the yard. That also possesses the family in danger of theft related cases. Jane is also working in a manufacturing plant and therefore needs to be covered under the company’s public liability insura nce due to accidents, injuries, death at work and many others. Jane may also insure her businesses against losses especially because the business is seasonal and sometimes funds are not available. Home related risk in the third part involves insuring the house. Homes are insured under the home insurance. The house though very old can still be insured. Progressive Insurance company offers certain categories depending on the perils. Jane can contribute an average annual insurance at $1,163 and monthly contributions at $96.92. That will be cheap while considering that her business is cyclic. Jane will be required to pay a $5000 deductible monthly insurance against flood. The maximum amount payable is $250,000 for house allowance. In future Jane would wish to move out of the old house since it has high risks rates that lead to high deductible amount. Jane would also be needed to insure his

Co-supervision Model of Placement

Co-supervision Model of Placement Discussion The aim of the study wasto explore clinicians perspectives as students of their experience of co-supervision practice education placements.   This was done by exploring the challenges and benefits of the co-supervision model as experienced as a student across locations and/or with two therapists.   The emerging themes were generally synonymous with previous research in the area.   The discussion will provide an overview of the key themes identified, and their significance to both advance practice in clinically based education, and to enhance students experiences and learning. Clear Communication Due to the co-supervision models multitude of diverse communication channels between co-supervisors, the student, the agency, and the university, open and clear communication is key to the models effective working (Coulton and Krimmer 2004).   The findings show thatcommunication is essential in enabling the co-supervision model to work well.   The evidence demonstrates that practicing the co-supervision model of placement improves and encourages students communication skills (NHS 2007).Agreeing on clear communication lines between the student and the educator is essential in the success of practice placements (Barr et al. 2006).   The current results show that communication between the student and the Educators, both formally, in supervision, and informally, was crucial in the development of the students learning.   The research shows that a vital component of successful communication was an open and unthreatening environment.   This is in-line with Henderson (2006), who su ggests that a supportive positive working environment created by the practice educator plays an important role in the transfer of learning to the student in a clinical context. An open environment offers the student an opportunity to make mistakes and learn from these mistakes without the fear of being reprimanded (Richardson et al. 1997).   Communication between the educator and the student is not only essential in carrying out a split model of placement, but it is also crucial in managing the safety of the client group (Clouder and Daly 2002).   Open communication has been shown to nurture learning among students on clinical educational placements (Bates, Bates and Bates, 2007; Richards, Sweet and Billett, 2013 cited in Grace and O Neill 2014). Preparation The results demonstrate that the preparation of both the educators and the students play an important role in the 2:1 model of placement.   When educators failed to prepare for the arrival of their student, it resulted in the students negative experience on placement.   Whereas, when educators were fully prepared for their students, students reported an overall positive experience on placement by the student.   The results indicate that clinical supervisors must allow themselves sufficient preparation time to put supports in place to ensure the optimum learning of the student (Grace and O Neill 2014).   Preparation for the student on placement means to allow the student the time and resources to gather information on their client group and setting, envision any obstacles they may face, and develop strategies and coping skills to manage these difficulties (Tuenissen and Westerman 2011).   Evidence in the area highlights that organisational and preparation skills learned prio r to placement plays an important role in the utilisation of the 2:1 model (Sevenhuysen 2014).   In the absence of adequate preparation, the student is entering a placement with an increased risk of anxiety and stress (Kaneo and Keoske 2010). Poor fieldwork preparation by students results in the negative emotions of anxiety and strain which lead to poorer performance overall on placement (Gelman 2004). Increased Workload Students preferred the learning opportunities of the co-supervision model at a later stage of placement.   This is in line with Cahill et al. (2012) who shows that the timing of the clinical education model is an important factor while on placement.   The results stated that the co-supervision model of placement was not suitable for a students initial placement, as the student had to manage a variety of factors, which included learning styles, varied populations and locations.   The co-supervision model of placement is more suitable at a later stage of placement, when the student has accumulated the skills to manage a fast pace environment (O Connor et al., 2012).   The findings suggest that working across two sectors on a split placement had both its strengths and weaknesses.   A strength of the co-supervision model across two sectors was that it allowed for the student to maximise their learning experience of different client groups and settings. The advantages of an incr eased workload provide the student with broader fieldwork experiences (Occupational Therapy Outreach 2004).   However, the results show that a challenge of this was that the student experienced a less a structured placement, which led to a challenging feeling of switching mindsets between client groups and locations.   This is in line with Gaiptman and Forma (1991), who highlight that switching between two practice areas can cause the student frustration and make it difficult for the student to follow through on client care plans.   Further challenges identified that the co-supervision model of placement was not suitable for a short placement as it did not allow the student sufficient time to become familiar with the setting, the client group, and/or the educators. Influence of Learning Styles An unexpected theme of the importance of the influence of learning styles on the student and educator relationship and learning, emerged from the research.   The facilitation and identification of the students different learning styles and needs allows for a professional relationship and interaction with clinical educators (Murphy et al. 2012; Kelly 2007).   This was also apparent in the current study, which emphasized that differing student and educator learning styles, in some cases, proved beneficial as it made for more dynamic supervision.   In agreement with these results, previous research indicates that for the student and educator to work well together they must negotiate roles and workings styles (Coulton and Krimmer 2005).   However, the results also showed that negotiating different learning styles can also be difficult.   Evidence demonstrates that in other cases students found it difficult to learn if their learning styles were not compatible with that of their clinical instructor (Secomb 2008).   The relationship between student and educator is a critical factor that impacts learning while on placement (Andrew and Roberts 2003).   Thus, the relationship and the negotiation of learning styles of the student and educator is crucial to the success of the placement. Enhanced Learning In line with the current research, the results show that experiencing a co-supervision model of placement may improve clinical ability in the workplace (DeClute and Ladyshewsky 1993), as it offers the student a real-life experience of managing fast working environments and different working styles.   In addition to this learning, the student experiences problem solving and treatment styles, which increases their learning opportunities (NHS 2007).   The co-supervision model offers the student potential to enhance learning, and can be used throughout diverse clinical settings (Baldry, Currens and Bithell 2003).   Participants stated that the co-supervision model can add value to placement when having two educators as it can provide the student with double the support and increased confidence.   Practice educators acknowledged that it is of benefit to the student to learn from other Occupational Therapists and team members while on placement (Rodger 2011).   Turner (2001) adds to this acknowledgement by stating that more than one assessors can also be beneficial for the staff and for the student as if offers more attentive and productive educators when they are not overburden and over-worked. Future Recommendations for implementation of the model The results of the study show that more formal training of the use of the co-supervision model of placement could benefit both the supervisor and the student.   This result is reflected in other research, which purports that less than half health care professionals are conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ dent in their supervisory skills and would have more confidence in facilitating supervision if more resources were put into formal training (McMahon 2014).   On-going training and support for practice educators is essential for ensuring higher standards of supervision for health care students (Plenty and Gower 2013). Participants stated that acknowledging the experience of other students who went on placement before them may be helpful as it may provide them with a knowledge base of what to expect before going on placement.   Previous research highlights that preceding students in health care disciplines represent a positive role model for the students in clinical training (Dale et al. 2013).   Hearing other students experiences of their clinical practice provide greater understanding for the prospective student going out on placement (Shariff 2005). Conclusion The findings from this descriptive qualitative study are generally consistent with previous work in co-supervision models.   The results of the current study informed best practice; this was carried out by focusing on three recommendations from the results.   Best practice of the co-supervision model of placement can include a welcoming environment for the student to work in.   Preparation on the part of the educator and the student is essential in creating a working environment that is free from anxiety.   Communication is a key component is facilitating the co-supervision model of practice placement.   Formal training of educators is important for establishing higher standards of supervision for students. The result show challenging factors of co-supervision to be the students difficulty with adapting to different learning styles, multiple practice educators, settings and client groups.   Whereas, the benefits of a co-supervision placement highlight the preparation for real-life situations, managing fast paced work environments and increased learning opportunities. Limitations The findings of this study are limited because the respondents were self-identifiedand not randomly selected. Snowball sampling does not allow for random selection. Implications for Occupational Therapy Education This data provides valuable information for the Occupational Therapy profession, notably clinical education placements, regarding needs and resources to adopt collaborative relationships between the student and the educator in fieldwork education.

A Brief History of Clocks: From Thales to Ptolemy :: Expository Essays Research Papers

A Brief History of Clocks: From Thales to Ptolemy The clock is one of the most influential discoveries in the history of western science. The division of time into regular, predictable units is fundamental to the operation of society. Even in ancient times, humanity recognized the necessity of an orderly system of chronology. Hesiod, writing in the 8th century BC., used celestial bodies to indicate agricultural cycles: "When the Pleiads, Atlas' daughters, start to rise begin your harvest; plough when they go down" ( Hesiod 71). Later Greek scientists, such as Archimedes, developed complicated models of the heavens-celestial spheres-that illustrated the "wandering" of the sun, the moon, and the planets against the fixed position of the stars. Shortly after Archimedes, Ctesibus created the Clepsydra in the 2nd century BC. A more elaborate version of the common water clock, the Clepsydra was quite popular in ancient Greece. However, the development of stereography by Hipparchos in 150 BC. radically altered physical representations of t he heavens. By integrating stereography with the Clepsydra and the celestial sphere, humanity was capable of creating more practical and accurate devices for measuring time-the anaphoric clock and the astrolabe. Although Ptolemy was familiar with both the anaphoric clock and the astrolabe, I believe that the development of the anaphoric clock preceded the development of the astrolabe. The earliest example, in western culture, of a celestial sphere is attributed to the presocratic philosopher Thales. Unfortunately, little is known about Thales' sphere beyond Cicero's description in the De re publica: For Gallus told us that the other kind of celestial globe, which was solid and contained no hollow space, was a very early invention, the first one of that kind having been constructed by Thales of Mileus, and later marked by Eudoxus with the constellations and stars which are fixed in the sky. (Price 56) This description is helpful for understanding the basic form of Thales' sphere, and for pinpointing its creation at a specific point in time. However, it is clearly a simplification of events that occurred several hundred years before Cicero's lifetime. Why would Thales' create a spherical representation of the heavens and neglect to indicate the stars? Of what use is a bowling ball for locating celestial bodies? Considering Eudoxus' preoccupation with systems of concentric spheres, a more logical explanation is that Thales marked his sphere with stars, and Eudoxus later traced the ecliptic and the paths of the planets on the exterior.

The Meaning of Citizenship

The Meaning of Citizenship Essay The Meaning of Citizenship according to the author is what we make it mean. What a bunch of malarkey! The history of how the definition of citizenship has evolved was well done but I kept having this feeling that she was trying to get me to subscribe to some new world order of citizenship. I like the Dictionary definition of citizenship is the state of being vested with the rights, privileges, and duties of a citizen. The character of an individual viewed as a member of society; behavior in terms of duties, obligations, and functions of a citizen.She suggested that citizenship was inconsistent from the very beginning of the United States. Yes it was because we were all immigrants from the start. Women were still seen a property to their husband, Africans was slaves, Native American conquered, and a lot of old world racism was in full swing. America was the great experiment by its founding fathers. Never had it been tried to bring all people together a s one country of citizens, well at least what they consider â€Å"as people† at that time.Some may argue that the romans were doing the same thing but they were doing it at sword point then by volunteer. Even though some of the founding father was still behind in their thinking others were not. They build the constitution so that future generations could learn from their father’s mistake and improve America for everyone. I was very surprise that the Supreme Court did not rule that the power of husbands over wives is no longer recognizable in law until 1992. Wow that took 216 years to figure that out.Also that if a woman got married to a noncitizen she would lose her citizenship and be seen as a citizen of her husband country but on the flip side of the coin if the wife married an American husband they became a US citizen until the law change in 1934. Currently the married spouse has the option to either become a permanent residence or naturalization. Naturalization is no easy task either. Under the Path to citizenship on the U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services the spouse has to take a naturalization test. Sad part according to US News and World Report Weekly poll done back in April of 2012 1 in 3 Americans would fail this test.Another big issue today is illegal women having children in the United State in order to not to get deported. This loop-hole has become to be known as â€Å"baby anchor†. In a way they gain citizenship though the kids. Many countries have closed this loop-hole and I think it time for America to do so too. I would give amnesty to all kids and parents here now then set a deadline date 10months out that one of the child parents is must be a U. S. Citizen otherwise that child will be consider as the citizen of one of the parent foreign citizenship.The history about race factor on citizenship was pretty much dead on. Of all the nationalities from around the world the people from African have had it the worst. Even till this day I don’t see why people looked down on Africans. African American has had the hardest time integrate in to American society. It was mostly because their immigration was forced to America by slavery. When they won their freedom they were still treated like 2nd class citizens. Even today most of the culture seems torn about where they fit into America society. The Chinese and Japanese were treated just as badly.They were seen as rats or beasts to use till they dropped over dead. If anything they weren’t even seen as human beings. They fought back hard to earn their rights and somehow moved forward as a culture to integrate with American society. Then the author goes into class warfare for three pages. Most of it did not make sense other then she trying to make the argument that social security is some kind social citizenship. Now the way I see it with immigration most moving from one country to another are lower or poor people. When they move into a very wel l off country they can bear the cost of it.America is at a point where immigration is collapsing local government fiances. More people are pulling from the system then put in. The states along the Mexican border are suffering majorly from this due to illegal immigration. Immigration is a good thing for a country but it must be controlled. In Europe many countries are having negative birth rates meaning more people are dying faster than babies are born. In a capitalism economy they build the social program are design to be funded by future population grow who pay into the social program.The problem is that most of their growth now is from immigration that are almost doubling unemployment in European country but benefiting from the host country social programs. (See http://www. migrationpolicy. org/pubs/TCM-integration. pdf) Linda Kerber once again starts to ramble on for another five pages. It covers the Boston Tea Party, Dred Scott decision of 1857, Yick Wo the laundry guy vs. Hopki ns, War Brides Act of World War II, and a few other Supreme Court rulings to support her views, California Proposition 187, the Cold War, Iran-Contra, Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and something about Peter Pan vs.Captain Hooker. Well not that last thing. All of this was a setup to give you a right hook to the head about her post national citizenship idea. And so she opens up with â€Å"Do we need citizenship? † This is where the final punch gets you. She starts to make hidden points to being a one world citizenship because like as she stated from the start citizenship means what we make it mean. This will not work as many cultures that have such polar views of each other.An example would be that Islam faith is so tie into it governing system that is Islamic law which is set by the religion is law via in United State religion is kept separated from government laws. She is right that we are one world family but we live under different homes with different rules and values. To me illegal immigration is like having the uninvited family member visits you. They say they are only going to be visiting for 3 days but end up staying for years. We can’t just join with other people if they don’t believe in the Bill of Rights created by our founders.What would be the point of freedom of the press if you can’t write about something that will offend a person or group? In the end I think most people keep mixing citizenship and culture together. Becoming a citizenship must mean more then I was able to sneak into this land. We must close the loop-holes in immigration to remove some of the arguments on citizenship but not eliminate immigration itself. We have to end this feeling of it means whatever it means to you. It’s a cop out. We must stand firm that this is what it takes to be a citizen of the United States.

Bus 475 Week 3 Learning Team: Functional Area Interrelationships

Functional Area Interrelationships October 29, 2012 BUS/475 University of Phoenix Abstract Huffman Trucking is a trucking company that was established in 1936. Throughout this paper, we will discuss the company’s mission and vision statement. It will also identify the type of organizational structure and how each of those roles supports the company’s goals. The collaboration process among the functional areas must also be established to support the goals.Finally, the stakeholders will be reviewed and how the company plans to protect them and how their communication is vital to the success of Huffman Trucking. â€Å"Huffman Trucking started in 1936 in Cleveland, OH. By 1945, the company had increased in size to 16 tractors and 36 trailers. † (Virtual Organization) Today Huffman trucking is one of the largest trucking companies in the United States. The company has four locations across the U. S. ; Cleveland, OH, Los Angeles, CA, St. Louis, MO, and Bayonne, NJ.The company has created a core foundation to continue to grow the company and sustain financial stability. Since the inception of the organization in 1936, Huffman trucking has grown their fleet of tractor-trailers from one to over 800 tractors, 2,100 45 foot trailers, and 260 roll on/ roll off units. Huffman trucking also employees 925 drivers and 425 technical support staff members, which is based from the increase in business that they have seen over the years from their acquisitions of five other freight companies.The mission of Huffman trucking is â€Å"to be a profitable, growing, adaptive company in an intensively competitive logistical services business environment†. Huffman Trucking according to the mission statement wants to be a competitive company within the logistics industry, and they also want to maintain the growth and profitability that they have experienced over the years. The vision statement of Huffman Trucking is â€Å"to be a model company to our stockholde rs, employees, customers, and all stakeholders†.Through the vision statement that Huffman Trucking has put into place at their organization they want to be a company that does right by all the people that are investors in the company, as well as, the employees and customers that are also valued by the organization. In analyzing the mission and vision statements of the company, Huffman Trucking existence is to maintain their market share in the logistics industry by treating the customer, employees, stock, and stakeholders with the upmost respect and consideration.The reason that Huffman Trucking uses the business structure that they have is to maintain the solid structure of the employment, and maintain the growth of the business in the industry of logistics. Huffman Trucking is a company that prides themselves on the idea that taking care of the employees will help the employees will take care of the customers, and the revenues from the customers will help the business and th e stock and stakeholders maintain their edge. Huffman Trucking is a leader in the industry of logistics, and is one of the larger corporations that are in operation.The contracts that Huffman Trucking has are strong stable contracts that will help the vision and mission of the company to be successful in the completion and achievement of the goals that they set for the organization. Huffman Trucking has a strong foundation and the future of the organization is solid with the contracts that are in place from years to come. The services that Huffman Trucking offers to its customers are services that can help the growth of the business, and to maintain the competitive edge that Huffman Trucking has over its competition.Huffman Trucking is a privately held United States based company. Huffman Trucking’s Mission Statement is â€Å"to be a profitable, growing, adaptive company in an intensively competitive logistical services business environment†(Huffman Trucking, 2012). Hu ffman’s Trucking Vision Statement is â€Å"to be a model company to our stockholders, employees, customers and all stakeholders† (Huffman Trucking, 2012). Huffman trucking has implemented the following steps of the collaboration process that must be employed to achieve organizational goals.The action plan to implement the collaboration process is to create an important objective, build, sustain, or enhance a core competence or competitive advantage, important new market opportunities as well as mitigate significant risk to the trucking business. Facilitating the close cross-company by merger and acquisition strategies play a part in Huffman trucking. Expanding the company’s geographic coverage and independently developing whatever resources and know-how were needed to be successful was imperative. Huffman Trucking has facilities in four major cities in the United States, Cleveland, OH, Los Angeles, CA, St.Louis, MO, and Bayonne, NJ. In order for Huffman Trucking to be a successful business there had to be several things put into place. The mission of the company is to be a profitable, growing, adaptive company in an intensively competitive logistical services business environment. The vision of Huffman Trucking is to be a model company to our stockholders, employees, customers and all stakeholders. In order for Huffman Trucking to be able to achieve the mission and reach the vision for the company there had to be the use of collaborations within. Such collaborations would include lateral and vertical collaborations.Lateral collaboration is where a group of people with the same ranking work together to accomplish a task. An example of lateral collaboration would be if two or more of the floor employees work together to try and come up with a way to increase production. A vertical collaboration would occur when a person of higher rank works with a person of lower rank to accomplish a goal. The CEO of the company working with a floor shift ma nager to try to increase production would be an example of vertical collaboration. Looking on the service request page, there has been many requests for service made by different people.One request that was made was made by the CIO for a Windows server upgrade for all the network locations. The expected goal of this server upgrade is to provide a migration path from the current network to one running Windows Server 2008. An action plan will be put together in order to accomplish this goal. Vertical collaboration will be used as the CIO works together with the IT department in order to accomplish the task of upgrading the server. They will work together to make sure that the server upgrade allows Huffman Trucking to do everything that it needs to be successful such as the right domain model and network dministration for all sites. An action plan will then be put into effect for lateral collaboration. This will allow the front line staff to develop ways that the upgraded server can he lp them. Examples of that would be that Administrative control of domain controllers can be decentralized if needed and allows the drivers to have access to at least one computer at each site. Huffman Trucking takes great pride in their company not only for their employees and customers but also for their stakeholders.They have developed a mission statement for their stakeholders; â€Å"We will maintain continuous awareness of our stakeholders and apply the test of reasonableness to assure our business practices are commensurate with stakeholder expectations. † (Virtual Organization) By identify awareness to the stakeholders, they will want to continue to invest in Huffman Trucking. Some of the stakeholders include; President/CEO, VP of Transportation, VP of Equipment, VP of Real Estate, VP of Terminal Operations, VP of Sales, Shareholders and all employees.The collaborative interaction between the Huffman Trucking Executive Management is critical to the success of the busine ss. They are the making the deciding factors for each category that they are over. At the end of the day, each VP relies on another VP in order to proceed with their decisions. The management team must work together in order to ensure that Huffman Trucking and the Stakeholders are happy and successful. At the end of the day, if the stakeholders do no collaborate together all of them will lose out. Huffman Trucking has created a company that continues to grow and build upon their success year after year.By staying true to their mission and vision statement the company will be able to open up more locations in the United States. Huffman trucking has a clear strategic plan that allows them to have a strong internal and vertical collaboration. By keeping their focus and foundation alive to their shareholders, stakeholders, employees, and customers Huffman Trucking will continue to be a leading trucking company. References Virtual Organization Portal. (2012) Huffman Trucking. Retrieved o n October 29, 2012 from http://ecampus. phoenix. edu

Free Essays on War On Poverty

Lyndon Johnson’s â€Å"War on Poverty† Lyndon Johnson was sworn into office directly after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. With this in mind he had a heavy burden on his shoulder. John F. Kennedy’s shoes were no easy shoes to fill. He was the most beloved president this country has ever been part of. With this in mind he had pressure from every angle. Weeks after President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn into office he gave his first state of the union address. The date was January 8, 1964, when he made this impact on the American people. He was doing something that was remarkable, and might have been a gamble at that time. Lyndon Johnson didn’t know what the reaction of congress and the American people would have on his â€Å"War on Poverty†. American’s that had large families felt this most since almost half the national poverty was in rural areas. The purpose was to bring America out of lower income status, and into a country that provided for their citizens. Family’s that had 4-7 children couldn’t support themselves to the changing market of America. Costs were going up, which made bills and basic needs harder to pay for. This is why Lyndon Johnson set in motion a series of bills and acts that were to be passed. For instance head start, food stamps, work study, Medicare, and Medicaid. Most of the se categories are still in place today. This was really influential to lower class citizens. The vision of the United States of America was that of poor lower class citizens. They were holding back the progressiveness of the country. While the United States of America was growing and already had been an industrial giant. These rural poverty stricken people were the demise of this great country. Someone had to do something about the direction the country was going. I understand that the United States of America was taking initiative to free the country of poverty stricken families. Without Lyndon Johnson’s campaign to fig... Free Essays on War On Poverty Free Essays on War On Poverty Lyndon Johnson’s â€Å"War on Poverty† Lyndon Johnson was sworn into office directly after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. With this in mind he had a heavy burden on his shoulder. John F. Kennedy’s shoes were no easy shoes to fill. He was the most beloved president this country has ever been part of. With this in mind he had pressure from every angle. Weeks after President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn into office he gave his first state of the union address. The date was January 8, 1964, when he made this impact on the American people. He was doing something that was remarkable, and might have been a gamble at that time. Lyndon Johnson didn’t know what the reaction of congress and the American people would have on his â€Å"War on Poverty†. American’s that had large families felt this most since almost half the national poverty was in rural areas. The purpose was to bring America out of lower income status, and into a country that provided for their citizens. Family’s that had 4-7 children couldn’t support themselves to the changing market of America. Costs were going up, which made bills and basic needs harder to pay for. This is why Lyndon Johnson set in motion a series of bills and acts that were to be passed. For instance head start, food stamps, work study, Medicare, and Medicaid. Most of the se categories are still in place today. This was really influential to lower class citizens. The vision of the United States of America was that of poor lower class citizens. They were holding back the progressiveness of the country. While the United States of America was growing and already had been an industrial giant. These rural poverty stricken people were the demise of this great country. Someone had to do something about the direction the country was going. I understand that the United States of America was taking initiative to free the country of poverty stricken families. Without Lyndon Johnson’s campaign to fig...

Constant struggle between environmental laws and economic growth in Essay - 1

Constant struggle between environmental laws and economic growth in correlation with 'the american dream' - Essay Example While the truth is that the opportunity exists, that group still only represents 1% of all Americans. Thus, the power of the dream is such that the public will support policies that diminish services to the majority to protect the potential success that all feel that they may someday enjoy. Some of the way sin which this type of thinking is engaged in the cultural structures that support this type of thinking is through policies that fail to protect the environment because lawmakers and the public have bought into the myth that to over regulate industry is to create economic hardships that are too hard to navigate and will ultimately destroy industry. This type of thinking is based upon a fear-based campaign that is intended to threaten the ‘dream’, thus tying the hands of scientists and more enlightened politicians when they approach solutions for the real problems that have been created through hazards that are the result of industrial destructive forces that strip the environment of vital resources. However, suggesting that change will ruin the future of industry is tantamount to telling Ford not to invent the combustion engine because it would destroy the horse and buggy industry. Time and technologies change, and in growing any industry, including the environmental solutions industry, the American dream can find a way to exploit it for resources in jobs, economic support, and in creating a future for the planet. One of the most important resources is based upon a continued future which is only provided for through industries who are implementing sustainable practices. Through sociological and political theories, man has the ability to change the world. Social Ecology provides for a world where man and technology join to promote the perpetuation of the planetary eco-systems and the ways in which resources are sustained. With an attitude that leads

Personal statement to Solar Energy Engineering Masters application Essay

Personal statement to Solar Energy Engineering Masters application - Essay Example One of the reasons I want to pursue a master’s degree in engineering is because I want to become a full time professor in the future. The fact that bilingual (English / Spanish) is a great attribute to have as an educator. In 2005 I moved to Boston and started working in the field of sales engineering of different instrumentation companies while at the same time teaching part time at Wentworth Institute of Technology. One of the best learning experiences about my sales job was the opportunity to different parts of Latin America and visit factories and rural places. I am interested in the Umass Lowell’s Master of Science Degree Program in Energy Engineering because of my interest in solar energy. I read about the different projects in place such as the Peru Project and would like to eventually implement something similar in Mexican communities and other Latin American communities where there is no electricity, telephone service, and untreated drinking water.